![]() Processes need to begin, end, and spawn other processes. A process can be a game, or a browser, or a single command, and there are hundred of processes already running before you even reach your desktop. Some of the major kernel subsystems are: Process ManagementĪ process is any program or app which runs on Linux, whether initiated by the user or not. There are also commands which will let you interact with the subsystems directly. You can access representations of these in a virtual filesystem through the terminal. The Linux kernel is divided into a number of subsystems, each responsible for certain tasks. This makes Linux extremely portable and it can run on run on a huge variety of platforms with different architectural types. Linux uses a monolithic kernel, which means that it contains everything you could possibly need, including all of the basic services and drivers you’ll never use. A microkernel provides the absolute bare minimum you need to get an OS running. There are two types of kernel in use today: modular microkernels and monolithic. Software in one space cannot interfere with software in the other space, which helps prevent crashes, errors, and security vulnerabilities. The kernel then initializes the devices and drivers, mounts the root filesystem and starts the first process called “ init” with the process ID of 1. When a computer is turned on, the bootloader finds the kernel image and is loaded first during startup and remains in memory throughout the computer’s operation. On the other hand, the user space is the area of memory that includes everything outside of the kernel space. Code running in the kernel mode has unrestricted access to the processor and the memory. The kernel space is where the kernel executes the services it provides. It divides the software running in memory into two spaces: the kernel space and the user space. ![]() The Linux Kernel has sole control over RAM, meaning every process must contact the kernel to have it’s own memory space. The kernel is developed separately from the rest of the distro, and you can swap out kernel components, switch kernels, or even build your own. The kernel governs every interaction you have with your machine, including memory and CPU usage, hardware resources, peripherals such as your mouse and keyboard, software IO requests, and more.Īlmost every computer built since the 1960s uses a kernel in day-to-day operations, although most OSs have the kernel tightly integrated with the rest of the OS. It is a collection of tools and spare parts strapped to a monolithic kernel. ![]() Rather, it serves as a sekeleton, upon which an operating system can be built. The linux kernel is not an operating system in itself. The kernel contains everything you need to get from the BIOS to the desktop, and includes drivers, networking protocols, and libraries. It provides layers of abstraction between the chunk of metal in front of you, and the software which runs on it. The Linux Kernel is the core of the Linux operating system and is central to its operation. ![]()
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